diff --git a/src/Oms.Application/Workers/OrderBatch/OrderBatchCreateConsumer.cs b/src/Oms.Application/Workers/OrderBatch/OrderBatchCreateConsumer.cs
index 8a52b02..90008aa 100644
--- a/src/Oms.Application/Workers/OrderBatch/OrderBatchCreateConsumer.cs
+++ b/src/Oms.Application/Workers/OrderBatch/OrderBatchCreateConsumer.cs
@@ -17,6 +17,4 @@ public sealed class OrderBatchCreateConsumer(
     : OrderBatchQueueConsumerBase(channelPool, options, scopeFactory, logger)
 {
     protected override string QueueName => OrderBatchQueueTopology.QueueCreate;
-
-    protected override bool UseRetryLimit => true;
 }
diff --git a/src/Oms.Application/Workers/OrderBatch/OrderBatchIntegrationConsumer.cs b/src/Oms.Application/Workers/OrderBatch/OrderBatchIntegrationConsumer.cs
index ddaa095..8d32cac 100644
--- a/src/Oms.Application/Workers/OrderBatch/OrderBatchIntegrationConsumer.cs
+++ b/src/Oms.Application/Workers/OrderBatch/OrderBatchIntegrationConsumer.cs
@@ -17,6 +17,4 @@ public sealed class OrderBatchIntegrationConsumer(
     : OrderBatchQueueConsumerBase(channelPool, options, scopeFactory, logger)
 {
     protected override string QueueName => OrderBatchQueueTopology.QueueIntegration;
-
-    protected override bool UseRetryLimit => true;
 }
diff --git a/src/Oms.Application/Workers/OrderBatch/OrderBatchQueueConsumerBase.cs b/src/Oms.Application/Workers/OrderBatch/OrderBatchQueueConsumerBase.cs
index 6845f2d..d822b45 100644
--- a/src/Oms.Application/Workers/OrderBatch/OrderBatchQueueConsumerBase.cs
+++ b/src/Oms.Application/Workers/OrderBatch/OrderBatchQueueConsumerBase.cs
@@ -16,6 +16,11 @@ public abstract class OrderBatchQueueConsumerBase : BackgroundService
     private readonly OrderBatchRabbitMqOptions _options;
     private readonly IServiceScopeFactory _scopeFactory;
     private readonly ILogger _logger;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// RabbitMQ.Client 的 IModel 非线程安全；AsyncEventingBasicConsumer + Prefetch&gt;1
+    /// 会并发进 Received，若同时 Ack/业务访问同一 channel，容易卡死并导致消息长期 Unacked。
+    /// </summary>
+    private readonly SemaphoreSlim _processGate = new(1, 1);
     private IChannelAccessor? _channelAccessor;
     private IModel? _channel;
 
@@ -33,11 +38,6 @@ public abstract class OrderBatchQueueConsumerBase : BackgroundService
 
     protected abstract string QueueName { get; }
 
-    /// <summary>
-    /// 为 true 时，Reject+Requeue 受 <see cref="OrderBatchRabbitMqOptions.MaxRetryCount"/> 限制。
-    /// </summary>
-    protected virtual bool UseRetryLimit => false;
-
     protected override Task ExecuteAsync(CancellationToken stoppingToken)
     {
         if (!_options.Enabled)
@@ -50,14 +50,19 @@ public abstract class OrderBatchQueueConsumerBase : BackgroundService
 
         _channelAccessor = _channelPool.Acquire(QueueName);
         _channel = _channelAccessor.Channel;
-        _channel.BasicQos(0, _options.PrefetchCount, false);
+        // Prefetch 仅表示「最多同时 Unacked 多少条」；实际处理仍串行，避免 channel 并发。
+        var prefetch = _options.PrefetchCount == 0 ? (ushort)1 : _options.PrefetchCount;
+        _channel.BasicQos(0, prefetch, false);
 
         var consumer = new AsyncEventingBasicConsumer(_channel);
         consumer.Received += OnReceivedAsync;
 
         _channel.BasicConsume(queue: QueueName, autoAck: false, consumer: consumer);
 
-        _logger.LogInformation("Order batch consumer started on {Queue}.", QueueName);
+        _logger.LogInformation(
+            "Order batch consumer started on {Queue} (prefetch={Prefetch}, serial processing).",
+            QueueName,
+            prefetch);
 
         stoppingToken.Register(() =>
         {
@@ -81,47 +86,60 @@ public abstract class OrderBatchQueueConsumerBase : BackgroundService
             return;
         }
 
+        await _processGate.WaitAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
+        try
+        {
+            await ProcessDeliveredAsync(ea).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            _processGate.Release();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private async Task ProcessDeliveredAsync(BasicDeliverEventArgs ea)
+    {
+        if (_channel == null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
         try
         {
             var message = OrderBatchJobProcessor.Deserialize(ea.Body);
             if (message == null)
             {
-                _channel.BasicAck(ea.DeliveryTag, false);
+                SafeAck(ea.DeliveryTag);
                 return;
             }
 
+            _logger.LogDebug(
+                "Consuming {Queue} action={Action} jobId={JobId} itemId={JobItemId} deliveryTag={DeliveryTag}",
+                QueueName,
+                message.Action,
+                message.JobId,
+                message.JobItemId,
+                ea.DeliveryTag);
+
             using var scope = _scopeFactory.CreateScope();
             var processor = scope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<OrderBatchJobProcessor>();
-            var result = await processor.ProcessAsync(message);
+            var result = await processor.ProcessAsync(message).ConfigureAwait(false);
 
             switch (result.Kind)
             {
                 case OrderBatchJobProcessor.ProcessResultKind.Ack:
-                    _channel.BasicAck(ea.DeliveryTag, false);
+                    SafeAck(ea.DeliveryTag);
                     break;
                 case OrderBatchJobProcessor.ProcessResultKind.Reject:
                     if (result.Requeue)
                     {
-                        if (UseRetryLimit)
-                        {
-                            if (message.RetryCount < _options.MaxRetryCount)
-                            {
-                                message.RetryCount++;
-                                _channel.BasicNack(ea.DeliveryTag, false, true);
-                            }
-                            else
-                            {
-                                _channel.BasicAck(ea.DeliveryTag, false);
-                            }
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            _channel.BasicNack(ea.DeliveryTag, false, true);
-                        }
+                        // 瞬时失败重投；次数耗尽时 Processor 会返回 Ack（DB 已记 Failed）
+                        SafeNack(ea.DeliveryTag, requeue: true);
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        _channel.BasicAck(ea.DeliveryTag, false);
+                        // 业务失败：Ack 丢掉消息，状态已在 DB 记 Failed
+                        SafeAck(ea.DeliveryTag);
                     }
 
                     break;
@@ -130,12 +148,42 @@ public abstract class OrderBatchQueueConsumerBase : BackgroundService
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
             _logger.LogError(ex, "Order batch consumer failed on queue {Queue}.", QueueName);
-            _channel.BasicNack(ea.DeliveryTag, false, true);
+            SafeNack(ea.DeliveryTag, requeue: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void SafeAck(ulong deliveryTag)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            _channel?.BasicAck(deliveryTag, false);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            _logger.LogError(ex, "BasicAck failed on {Queue}, deliveryTag={DeliveryTag}", QueueName, deliveryTag);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void SafeNack(ulong deliveryTag, bool requeue)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            _channel?.BasicNack(deliveryTag, false, requeue);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            _logger.LogError(
+                ex,
+                "BasicNack failed on {Queue}, deliveryTag={DeliveryTag}, requeue={Requeue}",
+                QueueName,
+                deliveryTag,
+                requeue);
         }
     }
 
     public override void Dispose()
     {
+        _processGate.Dispose();
         _channelAccessor?.Dispose();
         base.Dispose();
     }